Laser cutting machine operation details

Laser cutting machine operation details

When the laser cutting machine is working, it is very dangerous if it fails. Novices must be trained by professionals to operate independently. Based on experience, 13 details of the safe operation of the laser cutting machine are summarized:

1. Observe the general safety operating regulations for cutting machines. Start the laser strictly in accordance with the laser startup procedure.

2. Operators must be trained to be familiar with the structure and performance of the equipment, and to master the knowledge of the operating system.

3. Wear labor protection equipment according to the regulations, and you must wear protective glasses that meet the regulations near the laser beam.

4. Do not process a material before it is clear whether it can be irradiated or heated by laser, so as to avoid the potential hazards of smoke and steam.

5. When the equipment is started, the operator shall not leave the post or be taken care of without authorization. If it is necessary to leave, the operator should stop the machine or cut off the power switch.

6. Keep the fire extinguisher within easy reach; turn off the laser or shutter when not working; do not place paper, cloth or other flammable materials near the unprotected laser beam.

7. When an abnormality is found during the processing, the machine should be shut down immediately, and the fault should be eliminated or reported to the supervisor in time.

8. Keep the laser, the bed and the surrounding area clean, orderly, and free of oil pollution, and stack the workpieces, plates, and waste materials in accordance with the regulations.

9. When using gas cylinders, avoid crushing the welding wires to avoid leakage accidents. The use and transportation of gas cylinders should comply with gas cylinder supervision regulations. It is forbidden to explode the gas cylinder in the sun or close to a heat source. When opening the bottle valve, the operator must stand on the side of the bottle mouth.

10. Observe the high-voltage safety regulations when repairing. Every 40 hours of operation or weekly maintenance, every 1,000 hours of operation or every six months of maintenance shall be carried out in accordance with regulations and procedures.

11. After turning on the machine, manually start the machine in the X and Y directions at low speed, and check whether there is any abnormality.

12. After inputting the new part program, test run it first and check its operation.

13. When working, pay attention to the operation of the machine tool to avoid accidents caused by the cutting machine going out of the effective stroke range or two collisions.

The polarization properties of the laser beam. Laser, like any other electromagnetic wave transmission, also has two mutually perpendicular electric and magnetic vectors, and both are orthogonal to the laser transmission direction. It is generally considered that the direction of the electric vector is the polarization direction of the light beam. The polarization properties of the beam affect the absorption of the beam energy by the material. Cutting parallel to the polarization direction of the beam will result in a narrow cut with smooth and straight edges. If there is an angle between the cutting direction and the polarization plane, the energy absorption will be weakened and the cutting speed will be slowed down. Once the cutting direction is perpendicular to the polarization direction, the edge will not be rough but the cutting speed will be slower and the opening will be wider, and the cutting quality will be significantly reduced. Although it is required in principle, it is very difficult to keep the cutting direction parallel to the polarization direction during the multi-axis movement. To overcome this instability, a phase delayer is equipped. Studies have shown that circularly polarized light is best for cutting metals. Most lasers produce light that is polarized at 45 degrees from the vertical. The phase retarder converts this linearly polarized light into circularly polarized light. This method is effective for cutting metal, but not for other materials such as plastic and wood.

Auxiliary gas selection and air pressure setting. The typical pressure value is 150-300kpa when cutting sheet materials at high speed, and it usually only needs 40-60kpa to cut 12-thick iron plates.

Cutting speed. When the speed is too slow, the plume-shaped Mars particle beam flows directly downward. When the speed is too fast, the plume-shaped Martian particle beam forms an acute angle with the vertical direction and is unstable. The appropriate speed is when the plume-shaped Martian particle beam forms an obtuse angle with the vertical.

Set the air pressure. The auxiliary gas pressure is controlled by a CNC machine. The correct way is to select automatic mode and activate the program when calibrating the air pressure controller. After activating the program, press the cycle button and follow the prompts on the screen. The program will automatically calibrate the air pressure system.

Five tips for using fiber laser cutting machine

1) The dual-focus laser cutting head is a fragile item on the laser cutting machine. Long-term use will cause damage to the laser cutting head.

2) Check the straightness of the track of the fiber laser cutting machine and the verticality of the machine every six months. If it is found to be abnormal, it will be maintained and debugged in time. If this is not done, the cutting effect may not be so good, the error will increase, and the cutting quality will be affected. This is the top priority and must be done.

3) Use a vacuum cleaner to suck up the dust and dirt in the machine once a week, and all electrical cabinets should be closed tightly to prevent dust.

4) Check the steel belt of the fiber laser cutting machine frequently to ensure that it is tight. Otherwise, if there is a problem in operation, it may hurt people, or even cause death in serious cases. The steel belt looks like a small thing, but the problem is still a bit serious.

5) The guide rails of the fiber laser cutting machine should be cleaned frequently to remove dust and other debris to ensure that the equipment is normal. The rack should be wiped frequently and lubricated to ensure lubrication without debris. The guide rails should be cleaned and lubricated frequently, and the motor should be cleaned and lubricated frequently. The machine can move better and cut more accurately, and the quality of the cut products will be improved. .

Precautions

The matters needing attention in operating the laser cutting machine are as follows:

1. Comply with the safety operating regulations of general cutting machines. Strictly follow the laser start procedure to start the laser, adjust the light, and test the machine.

2. The operator must be trained to be familiar with cutting software, equipment structure, performance, and knowledge of the operating system.

3. Wear labor protection equipment according to the regulations, and must wear protective glasses that meet the regulations near the laser beam.

4. Do not process a material before it is clear whether it can be irradiated or cut by laser, so as to avoid the potential hazards of smoke and steam.

5. When the equipment is started, the operator shall not leave the post or be taken care of without authorization. If it is necessary to leave, the operator should stop the machine or cut off the power switch.

6. When an abnormality is found during the processing, the machine should be shut down immediately, and the fault should be eliminated or reported to the supervisor in time.

7. Keep the fire extinguisher within easy reach; turn off the laser or shutter when not processing; do not place paper, cloth or other flammable materials near the unprotected laser beam.

advantage

1. High precision: suitable for cutting precision parts and fine cutting of various craftsmanship and paintings.

2. Fast speed: more than 100 times that of wire cutting.

3. The heat-affected zone is small and not easy to deform. The cutting seam is smooth and beautiful, without subsequent processing.

4. High cost performance: The price is only 1/3 of the same performance CO2 laser cutting machine, and 2/5 of the same performance CNC punching machine.

5. The use cost is very low: only 1/8~1/10 of similar CO2 laser cutting machine, the hourly cost is only about 18 yuan, and the hourly cost of CO2 laser cutting machine is about 150-180 yuan.

6. The follow-up maintenance cost is very low: only 1/10～1/15 of the similar CO2 laser cutting machine, and 1/3～1/4 of the CNC punching machine with the same effect.

7. Stable performance to ensure continuous production. The solid-state YAG laser is one of the most stable and mature products in the laser field.

8. Compared with CNC punching machine, YAG laser cutting machine has the following advantages:

(1) It can complete the processing of various complex structures. As long as any image can be drawn on the computer, the machine can complete the processing.

(2) There is no need to open the mold, just make the drawing on the computer, and the product can be released immediately, which can quickly develop new products and save costs.

(3) The YAG cutting machine has an automatic tracking system, so it can complete plane cutting as well as cutting of various uneven surfaces.

(4) The complex process requires that the CNC punching machine is difficult to complete, and laser cutting can do it.

(5) The surface is very smooth, and the product grade is very high, which is difficult for CNC punching machines.

(6) The molded box (within 0.5 meters in thickness) needs to be processed with holes and grooves, which cannot be processed by CNC punching machine, but YAG CNC metal laser cutting machine can solve it.

Materials Analysis

With the development of laser cutting technology, the field of laser cutting applications has become more and more extensive, and more and more materials are applicable. But different materials have different characteristics, so the matters needing attention when using laser cutting are also different.

Structural steel

Better results will be obtained when this material is cut with oxygen. When oxygen is used as the processing gas, the cutting edge will be slightly oxidized. For plates with a thickness of 4mm, nitrogen can be used as a processing gas for high-pressure cutting. In this case, the cutting edge will not be oxidized. For plates with a thickness of more than 10mm, using a special pole plate for the laser and oiling the surface of the workpiece during processing can achieve better results.

Stainless steel

Cutting stainless steel requires: oxygen is used, when the edge oxidation is not a problem; nitrogen is used to obtain an oxidation-free and burr-free edge, and no further treatment is required. Coating the oil film on the surface of the plate will get a better perforation effect without reducing the processing quality.

aluminum

Despite its high reflectivity and thermal conductivity, aluminum with a thickness of 6mm or less can be cut, depending on the alloy type and laser capabilities. When cutting with oxygen, the cutting surface is rough and hard. When using nitrogen, the cutting surface is smooth. Pure aluminum is very difficult to cut because of its high purity. Aluminum can only be cut when a "reflection absorption" device is installed on the system. Otherwise, the reflection will destroy the optical components.

titanium

The titanium sheet is cut with argon and nitrogen as the processing gas. Other parameters can refer to nickel-chromium steel.

Copper and brass

Both materials have high reflectivity and very good thermal conductivity. Brass with thickness less than 1mm can be cut with nitrogen; copper with thickness less than 2mm can be cut, and the processing gas must be oxygen. Copper and brass can be cut only when a "reflection absorption" device is installed on the system. Otherwise, the reflection will destroy the optical components.

Synthetic material

When cutting synthetic materials, keep in mind the dangers of cutting and the dangerous substances that may be emitted. Synthetic materials that can be processed are: thermoplastics, thermosetting materials and synthetic rubber.

Organic matter

There is a fire hazard in all organic cutting (nitrogen is used as the processing gas, and compressed air can also be used as the processing gas). Wood, leather, cardboard and paper can be laser cut, and the cut edges will be burnt (brown).