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Current status analysis and development of laser welding technology

Views: 0     Author: hu     Publish Time: 2021-09-04      Origin: dapeng

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The laser welding process has a very important position in the automobile manufacturing industry, the welding of aluminum and magnesium alloy materials, the plastic processing industry, and the shipbuilding industry. It is a highly comprehensive technology that can significantly improve industrial efficiency and product, service quality. In this context, the research on the status quo analysis and progress of laser welding technology has important practical significance.


  1 Overview of laser welding process


  Laser welding process is a modern welding method. Compared with traditional welding methods, laser welding has many characteristics, such as small deformation of the workpiece being welded, high welding depth and width, and small heat-affected area. In addition, the laser welding process will not be affected by the magnetic field, will not be completely limited to the working environment of conductive materials and vacuum, and will not generate a large amount of X-rays during the work. It is precisely because of the above advantages that laser welding technology is widely used in various fields of industry. In recent years, the manufacturing department has gradually applied automation technology to the entire welding process. Only by integrating laser and computer control and achieving an organic combination can we achieve better and more precise control of the welding process and improve product quality. . The improvement of the quality of welding products requires the improvement of the level of laser welding process monitoring and quality control. This has also become one of the key agendas in the field of laser utilization. Among them, the utilization of various types of sensors such as inductance, acoustic wave, capacitance, and photoelectricity is among them. Core content. In addition, the electronic computer is used to carry out the processing work, and the welding seam tracking, defect detection and other items are processed according to the different welding objects and requirements. The feedback control is used to realize the adjustment of welding process parameters, and finally realize the complete automation of laser welding.


  2 The application status of laser welding technology


   Compared with the traditional welding process, the laser welding process can effectively realize the "seamless" welding of a variety of materials, which has become a supplement and extension of the traditional welding process. Judging from the current welding practice in my country, the laser welding process has become the mainstay in this field.


  2.1 The application of laser welding technology in the field of electronic components


  Under the traditional welding process, there will be too high temperature and radiation on the welding surface. This situation will damage the electronic components themselves, cause the electronic components to break or have poor contact, etc., which will affect the surrounding environment. Although these adverse effects can be solved by related means, it will undoubtedly have a shortened impact on the service life of electronic components, and even affect subsequent normal operations. Judging from the current welding practice in my country, laser welding has been widely used in the field of welding electronic components. Because the laser welding process has excellent characteristics that can carry out local heating in a small range, and it can also accurately control the local temperature of the welding part of the electronic component. In layman's terms, the laser welding process can achieve the ideal state of producing a higher average temperature in a small area without adversely affecting the surrounding area.


  2.2 The application of laser welding technology in the welding of aluminum alloy materials


  Laser welding technology is also widely used in the welding of aluminum alloy materials in the automobile manufacturing industry. In the process of welding automobile-related components, the method of side blowing shielding gas is the most commonly used welding method, which can realize all-round protection of the galvanized sheet for automobiles. Judging from the current development practice of my country's automobile manufacturing industry, aluminum alloy is a relatively common industrial material, which can play a role in anti-corrosion of the car body and reduce the weight of the car. Therefore, aluminum alloy materials are widely used in many aspects such as engines, wheels, and instrument panels. The laser welding process has unique advantages in the welding of aluminum alloy materials, because it can achieve high-efficiency protection of aluminum alloy materials. However, the use of laser welding technology in aluminum alloy welding practice also has certain drawbacks, which are also determined by the thermal properties of the aluminum alloy itself. Although this feature can achieve effective protection of aluminum alloy components, it cannot effectively avoid molten pool splashing, small hole collapse and other welding processes often found in the welding process.


  2.3 The application of laser welding technology in the welding of magnesium alloy materials


   The automobile manufacturing industry has developed by leaps and bounds in recent years, and the materials for making auto parts have gradually changed from aluminum alloys to magnesium alloys. Compared with aluminum alloy auto parts, magnesium alloy has the characteristics of light weight, and the rigidity, strength, electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity and other properties have been improved and optimized. In addition, magnesium alloy can be recycled, the recycling effect is better, and the economic cost is low. The laser welding process can produce an oxide film on the welding part of the device during the welding process of the magnesium alloy material, so as to realize the high-efficiency protection of the magnesium alloy device. Not only in the field of automobile manufacturing, the extensive use of magnesium alloys in the aerospace field also makes laser welding technology the mainstream welding technology, because it can meet the complex requirements of the production and manufacturing of machine devices used in aerospace, and it can effectively reduce the weight of the aircraft. .


  3 Research progress of laser welding technology


   Regardless of the domestic or foreign laser welding practice, the future research of laser welding technology focuses on the following three aspects: First, the effective control of the welding process. The second is the research and development and upgrade of lasers. Finally, it is the dynamic monitoring aspect of weld defects. In the second aspect, improving the electro-optical conversion efficiency is the core content of laser research and development and upgrading, because the current laser structure in my country is still very complicated, and how to improve and upgrade the internal structure and external performance of the laser is one of the important tasks at the moment. . In the third aspect, because a single sensor technology cannot meet the requirements of many complex inspection tasks, in the future, it is necessary to further develop the monitoring technology in the welding process, and strive to fully integrate multiple forms of sensor technology. Improve the accuracy of inspection tasks.


  During the development of laser welding technology, dual-beam laser welding technology, laser hybrid welding technology and the production of three-dimensional controllable laser heads have all played a very strong role in promoting the maturity and development of laser welding technology. The superiority of laser welding technology makes it one of the most vigorous welding methods. In the future, its application in material welding will mainly focus on the research and development of new lasers, the development and use of high-precision laser welding equipment, and the welding of different materials. The improvement and optimization of the process. As the laser welding process continues to develop and mature, its applicable fields will become wider and wider. In some areas, the laser welding process has replaced the traditional welding process and has become the mainstream welding technology, which is just around the corner.


  4 Summary


   The in-depth development of laser welding technology can promote the development and maturity of domestic welding technology. Judging from the current practice of material welding in my country, laser welding technology is mainly used in mass production, large-scale welding enterprises, and aerospace and other projects that are supported by national finances, and it has not been widely used in a real sense. universal. The work and researchers in related fields should devote themselves to the optimization and improvement of the laser welding process, so that it can give full play to its advantages, overcome shortcomings, and make greater contributions to the improvement of product quality and production efficiency.


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