Introduction to laser welding process and advantages

Laser welding technology is a comprehensive technology integrating laser technology, welding technology, automation technology, material technology, mechanical manufacturing technology and product design. It is ultimately embodied as a complete set of special equipment and a matching process.

Laser welding has high processing precision, fast production speed, good surface finish, and beautiful appearance. Therefore, it is more widely used in precision welding industries such as glasses, hardware and electronics, jewelry, bathroom and kitchenware.

The processing process is to radiate the laser beam into the surface area of the processed workpiece. After the laser beam is focused by the optical system, the power density of the laser focus is 104-107W/cm2. Within time, the welded area will form a highly concentrated heat source area, and the heat energy will melt the welded area and then cool and crystallize to form firm solder joints and weld seams.

According to the different lasers used and their working methods, there are two commonly used welding methods. One is pulse laser welding, which is mainly used for single-point fixed continuous welding and thin-piece material welding, forming a round welding spot during welding; One is continuous laser welding, which is mainly used for welding and cutting large and thick parts. A continuous weld is formed during the welding process.

In the welding process, the beam focus position is one of the most critical control process parameters. Under a certain laser power and welding speed, only the focus is within the best position range to obtain the maximum penetration and good weld shape.

Using laser welding processing has the following advantages:

1) The laser beam has a very high power density, resulting in fast welding speed, small deformation, and can be welded to materials that are difficult to weld such as titanium and quartz;

2) The beam is easy to transmit and control, without changing the welding torch, nozzle, etc., which reduces downtime and improves production efficiency.

3) Fast cooling rate, high weld seam strength and good overall performance.